2019-02-24

AsyncTask Mechanism

源码解析

构造方法

public AsyncTask() {
        this((Looper) null);
    }
	public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
        mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
            ? getMainHandler()
            : new Handler(callbackLooper);
...
    }

由此可看出默认AsyncTask是在主线程运行的。且onPreExecute、onPostExecute也定义了@MainThread

业务逻辑

进入AsyncTask的execute（）

@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
    return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);//sDefaultExecutor is a sreial executor
}
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
        Params... params) {
    if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
        switch (mStatus) {
            case RUNNING:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task is already running.");
            case FINISHED:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task has already been executed "
                        + "(a task can be executed only once)");
        }
    }

    mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

    onPreExecute();

    mWorker.mParams = params;
    exec.execute(mFuture);

    return this;
}

sDefaultExecutor是一个串行的线程池，先执行onPreExecute().然后将params封装到mWorker(WorkerRunnable)中.而mWorker又是被封装到mFuture(FutureTask也是个Runnable)中的。然后sDefaultExecutor线程池开始执行FututreTask。进入sDefaultExecutor

    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

  ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor()
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;

   private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

execute()首先会将FutureTask对象插入到任务队列mTasks上，如果此时没有正在执行的任务，则调用scheduleNext()让THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR执行任务。同时一个任务执行结束后，会自动地调度下一个任务开始执行。

AsyncTask中有两个线程池sDefaultExecutor（SerialExecutor:内部封装了ArrayDequeue）和 THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR (Customized Executor:内部封装了BlockingQueue) 和一个InternalHandler(Handler).SerialExecutor用于任务的排队，而 THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR 用于执行任务。IntenalHandler用于子线程切换主线程。进入mFurue的run方法。

public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

其中callable即为封装的mWorker(WorkerRunnable).进入构造方法中定义WorkerRunnable的call方法

mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
    public Result call() throws Exception {
        mTaskInvoked.set(true);
        Result result = null;
        try {
            Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
            //noinspection unchecked
            result = doInBackground(mParams);
            Binder.flushPendingCommands();
        } catch (Throwable tr) {
            mCancelled.set(true);
            throw tr;
        } finally {
            postResult(result);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

mTaskInvoked设为true，表示任务已被调用过。再执行doInBackGround.将返回值传给postResult().进入postResult()

private Result postResult(Result result) {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
            new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
    message.sendToTarget();
    return result;
}

postResult（）会通过sHandler发送一个MESSAGE_POST_RESULT的消息。进入sHandler

    private static InternalHandler sHandler;
	
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
	private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

sHadler在收到MESSAGE_POST_RESULT执行AsyncTasl。finish()，而在finish()中，若AsyncTask是被取消执行，则调用onCancelled(result),否则调用onPostExecutor(result).将doInBackGround()的返回值传给了主线程。

总结

先执行onPreExecute. 将传入params封装到mWorker中，而mWorker是封装到mFuture中的。
将mFuture压入SerialExecutor任务队列，若队列空，让THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR开始执行mFuture. 执行mFuture的run()会调用mWorker的call（）
在call()调用doInBackGround()获得返回值，并将返回值传给sHandler
sHandler接到消息调用AsyncTask的finish()
在finish()中调用onPostExecute()

小心翻车

AsyncTask不必在主线程定义
execute不必在主线程调用
不能自己直接调用onPre/onPost/doInBackGround/onProgressUpdated
一个AsyncTask对象只能执行一次（否则会抛出异常IllegalStateException）

之前在开发者艺术探索中读到不能在子线程中定义AsyncTask定义和使用execute。但是经过实践，发现从sdk22以后，是可以在子线程中进行定义和execute的。因为Handler默认是使用MainLooper，无论在子线程中是否定义Looper。

 public AsyncTask() {
     this((Looper) null);//1
 }
  public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
     mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
         ? getMainHandler()//2
         : new Handler(callbackLooper);
....
}

    private static Handler getMainHandler() {
     synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
         if (sHandler == null) {
             sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());//3
         }
         return sHandler;
     }
 }

直接new AsyncTask会调用Looper为空的重载方法
Handler = getMainHandler
Looper = sMainLooper

测试代码如下

new Thread(new Runnable() {
           @Override public void run() {
               MyAsync myAsync = new MyAsync();
               myAsync.execute();
           }
       }).start();
	    public class MyAsync extends AsyncTask {
@Override protected void onPreExecute() {
           Log.i("TAG", "onPreExecute: ");
           super.onPreExecute();
       }

       @Override protected Object doInBackground(Object[] objects) {
           Log.i("TAG", "doInBackground: ");
           return null;
       }
   }

当然子线程中使用AsyncTask不能在onPreExecute,onPostExecute中进行UI操作，因为AsyncTask的实例创建在子线程，onPreExecute,onPostExecute也都运行在子线程。

在

本文标题:AsyncTask Mechanism

文章作者:

发布时间:2019-02-24, 00:00:00

最后更新:2025-03-02, 10:44:42

原始链接:http://yoursite.com/2019/02/24/AnsyncTask%20Mechanism/

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